Realidade virtual e a memória de idosos (fNIRS)
Wednesday, 05 de August de 2020
O envelhecimento está atrelado com uma deterioração gradual no desempenho cognitivo e na memória. A realidade virtual pode ajudar na melhoria da memória.
Fonte: Depositphotos
A nível mundial, número de pessoas que apresentam alguma condição neurodegenerativa continua sendo significativo e um desafio para a saúde pública. Diversas linhas de pesquisa atuam na memória e no envelhecimento e um dos pontos de atenção é a falha da memória episódica e prospectiva (MP), que é uma das principais reclamações dos idosos e pode ser um dos primeiros sintomas de demência
Uma das formas de entender melhor esses episódios e MP é através de ambientes virtuais que traz contextos complexos realistas. Com isso, pesquisadores visam desenvolver treinamentos mais eficazes através do aumento da estimulação sensorial de ambientes enriquecidos. Alterações neurofisiológicas associadas a reabilitação com realidade virtual pode ser medida através de técnicas de neuroimagem não invasivas e portáveis, como é o caso do fNIRS (figura).
Uma das formas de entender melhor esses episódios e MP é através de ambientes virtuais que traz contextos complexos realistas. Com isso, pesquisadores visam desenvolver treinamentos mais eficazes através do aumento da estimulação sensorial de ambientes enriquecidos. Alterações neurofisiológicas associadas a reabilitação com realidade virtual pode ser medida através de técnicas de neuroimagem não invasivas e portáveis, como é o caso do fNIRS (figura).
Diversas pesquisas sugerem que o protocolo com realidade virtual permite uma opção que identifica de forma precoce sutis déficits amnésicos que não são vistos nos métodos tradicionais. Com a fácil adaptabilidade e capacidade de replicar ambientes do cotidiano, é possível realizar medições precisas de processos cognitivos. Com isso, é possível fazer o uso da realidade virtual para memória prospectiva no envelhecimento, podendo destacar melhor aspectos motivacionais, estimativa de tempo e dificuldades em realizar processos de dupla tarefa.
A realidade virtual aplicada na memória episódica no envelhecimento oferece a possibilidade de implementar tarefas para avaliar a natureza do EM em situações que apresentam um rico espaço-tempo. Um estudo analisou o protocolo em pacientes com Alzheimer leve e estudos pré clínicos comprovaram que a imersão nesses ambientes enriquecidos podem aumentar, a longo prazo, a atividade do hipocampo e regiões associadas a memória.
Vale ressaltar que a realidade virtual pode ser combinada com tecnologias como neuromodulação (tDCS), neuroimagem (fNIRS/EEG) e que, está associação, so tende a trazer resultados mais significativos. Assim, é possivel fornecer uma abordagem mais direcionada ao treinamento neuro.
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Referências
Rizzo, A., Gambino, G., Sardo, P., & Rizzo, V. (2020). Being in the past and perform the future in a virtual world: VR applications to assess and enhance episodic and prospective memory in normal and pathological aging. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14, 297.
Clemenson, G. D., and Stark, C. E. L. (2015). Virtual environmental enrichment through video games improves hippocampal-associated memory. J. Neurosci. 35, 16116–16125.
Dong, D., Wong, L. K. F., and Luo, Z. (2017). Assessment of prospective memory using fNIRS in immersive virtual reality environment. J. Behav. Brain Sci. 07, 247–258.
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Mouhamed Zorkot
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