Quem é responsável pela viagem no tempo?
Wednesday, 19 de January de 2022
Viajar no tempo parece algo muito relacionado a filmes de ficção, porém, sempre que imaginamos algo que acontecerá no futuro ou lembramos de algo do passado estamos nos envolvendo em viagens mentais no tempo. Os estudos mostraram que as mesmas regiões do cérebro são ativadas quando viajamos mentalmente para o passado ou para o futuro. Uma dessas regiões é o hipocampo. Danos nessa área além de causar problemas de memória também prejudicam a capacidade de imaginar experiências futuras!!!
O hipocampo é conhecido por ser crítico na consolidação de memorias, ou seja, em tornar memórias duradouras, porém, ele não mas não funciona sozinho, ele trabalha em conjunto com outras áreas do cérebro permitindo o armazenamento e a recuperação de memórias de longo prazo. Pacientes com danos nessa região conseguem lembrar os eventos que ocorreram antes dos danos cerebrais, porém frequentemente eles tendem a esquecer os eventos que aconteceram antes da lesão. Além disso, curiosamente, muitos desses pacientes também têm dificuldade em imaginar eventos no futuro!
Em alguns ensaios feitos com pacientes que sofreram danos nessa área, quando lhes pediram para descrever o que fariam no dia seguinte eles não sabia o que dizer, e também relataram que quando pensavam no futuro sentiam uma espécie de “vazio”. Já outros grupos usando ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) em pacientes com e sem danos no hipocampo, e descobriram que o hipocampo não trabalha sozinho! Na verdade, ele recruta outras áreas do cérebro para nos lembrar do passado e imaginar o futuro para trabalharem juntos.
Em alguns ensaios feitos com pacientes que sofreram danos nessa área, quando lhes pediram para descrever o que fariam no dia seguinte eles não sabia o que dizer, e também relataram que quando pensavam no futuro sentiam uma espécie de “vazio”. Já outros grupos usando ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI) em pacientes com e sem danos no hipocampo, e descobriram que o hipocampo não trabalha sozinho! Na verdade, ele recruta outras áreas do cérebro para nos lembrar do passado e imaginar o futuro para trabalharem juntos.
Diante do exposto, é possível perceber que nossas memórias de experiências anteriores desempenham um papel significativo quando pensamos no futuro e tomamos decisões. Além disso, nossas memórias nos fazem não apenas refletir sobre o passado, mas também para nos ajudam a prever o futuro e a tomar melhores decisões no presente!!!
Referências
ADDIS, Donna Rose; WONG, Alana T.; SCHACTER, Daniel L. Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia, v. 45, n. 7, p. 1363-1377, 2007.
BIDERMAN, N; Shohamy, D.Time Travel in the Brain. Front. Young Minds. 8:152, 2020. doi: 10.3389/frym.2019.00152
JOHNSON, Adam; REDISH, A. David. Neural ensembles in CA3 transiently encode paths forward of the animal at a decision point. Journal of Neuroscience, v. 27, n. 45, p. 12176-12189, 2007.
TULVING, Endel. Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, v. 26, n. 1, p. 1, 1985.
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Autor: Livia Nascimento Rabelo
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